In the first piece of this series I looked at the way in which I view atheism and briefly how I became an atheist. Atheism is the first pillar of my philosophical position; anarchism is the second, and is the subject I will discuss next because atheism and anarchism are the basis for my beliefs about morality, economics, etc. which I will discuss in later installments.Anarchism, in its original Greek, is defined as an “without” and archos “master.” Therefore, anarchism simply means without rulers, or masters.
Anarchists believe that the state, or government, is an oppressive entity and does nothing but stifle an individuals’ freedom and if he speaks up he is punished, which, when you think about it, is exactly what happens throughout history and even in present day (the recent cases of demonstrations in Egypt in 2011 is one example of peaceful protesters being beaten for speaking their minds; in America police often injure innocent, peaceful protesters [1]).
To quote the famous anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon:
To be governed is to be watched over, inspected, spied on, directed, legislated, regimented, closed in, indoctrinated, preached at, controlled, assessed, evaluated, censored, commanded; all by creatures that have neither the right, nor wisdom, nor virtue.... To be governed means that at every move, operation, or transaction one is noted, registered, entered in a census, taxed, stamped, priced, assessed, patented, licensed, authorized, recommended, admonished, prevented, reformed, set right, corrected. Government means to be subjected to tribute, trained, ransomed, exploited, monopolized, extorted, pressured, mystified, robbed; all in the name of public utility and the general good. Then, at first sign of resistance or word of complaint, one is repressed, fined, despised, vexed, pursued, hustled, beaten up, garroted, imprisoned [can anyone say Martin Luther King, Jr.?], shot, machine gunned, judged, sentenced, deported, sacrificed, sold, betrayed, and to cap it all, ridiculed, mocked, outraged, and dishonored. That is government, that is its justice and its morality!....O human personality! How can it be that you have cowered in such subjection for sixty centuries? [2]
It isn’t hard to come up with past and current examples of the government doing precisely what Proudhon describes. For a time, the government did allow slavery; the government still spies on its citizens; [3] the governments’ henchmen, police, still arrest and beat those who protest the injustice that the government often defends (the U.S. supported the Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi despite his human rights violations); we are often fined for victimless crimes, [4] and the list goes on and on. This paper is not meant to illustrate the abuses of government, though there are good references for that. [5]
We humans regularly condemn murderers, thieves, and liars in our societies, and yet when it comes to the government many of these same people defend the wars, the unjustified murders, the theft, and the countless lies that are routine for the government. Why such double standards? Can anyone articulate this to me?
One of the most common retorts is that of the “necessary evil,” but I must ask, why must evil be “necessary,” much less tolerated? Again, can this be explained to me? Why do we allow such immoral, lying, murderous individuals to rule over us? We routinely don’t allow such people in society; we lock them them up in jails and prisons, but again, we defend the government who commits acts murder, theft, etc. Wouldn’t we be better off reformulating our society where ones’ rights and freedoms were not constantly under attack?
Why the double standards? Why the tolerance for such behavior by those who govern (and in most cases don’t govern very well at all to begin with)?
Yes, yes, we have the vote, but as history clearly shows us, the vote often changes very little. Those in power still seek to restrict our rights, spy on us, etc. As Rose Wilder Lane said,
Look at any available records of any people, living anywhere at any time in the whole history of the Old World.
They revolt against their King, and replace him by another King; they revolt against him, and set up another King. In time they revolt against monarchy; they set up another kind of living Authority. For generations or centuries, they revolt and change these rulers; then they revolt against that kind of Authority, and set up another kind.
From Nebuchadnezzar to Hitler, history is one long record of revolts against certain living rulers, and revolt against kinds of living Authority.
When these revolts succeed, they are called revolutions. But they are revolutions only in the sense that a wheel’s turning is a revolution. An Old World revolution is only a movement around a motionless center; it never breaks out of the circle. Firm in the center is belief in Authority. No more than the Communist or the National Socialist (Nazi) today, has any Old World revolutionist ever questioned that belief; they all take it for granted that some Authority controls individuals.
They replace the priest by a king, the king by an oligarchy, the oligarchs by a despot, the despot by an aristocracy, the aristocrats by a majority, the majority by a tyrant, the tyrant by oligarchs, the oligarchs by aristocrats, the aristocrats by a king, the king by a parliament, the parliament by a dictator, the dictator by a king, the king by --- there’s six thousand years of it, in every language.
Every imaginable kind of living Authority has been tried, and is still being tried somewhere on earth now.
All these kinds have been tried, too, in every possible combination; the priest and the king, the king who is the priest, the king who is God, the king and a senate, the king and the senate and a majority, the senate and a tyrant, the tyrant and the aristocrats, a king and a parliament ---Try to think of a combination; somewhere it has been tried. [6]
And somewhere it has failed. Failed to protect the people; failed to protect their freedoms; failed to protect them from prying eyes. And these acts of rights violations, privacy violations, and brutality are most often committed by the ones we entrust with our safety, privacy and security! Ironically, Americans ignore one of the oldest and best known sayings and forms of advice we often pass on to future generations: Don’t allow the fox to guard the hen house. But we do it anyway, despite the warning!
And to the common argument that we do have much freedom, despite these many drawbacks, I again quote Lane who said,
"...a grant of liberties, no mater how extensive, is not full recognition of the fact of individual liberty."
In my mind, when is society going to reinvent the wheel, so to speak? This is the ultimate goal of anarchists.
(Dis)orderly Conduct
Anarchism does not, as is commonly argued, mean “disorder.” Even without government anarchists for centuries have proposed means of organizing a society without government so to say that anarchists wish for an absolute breakdown of rules, organization, and order is completely unfounded. While anarchists differ as to the methods to organize society, to say we do not have any methods is untrue. I will go into some of these ideas in later installments.
Bomb-Throwing, Assassinating, Lunatics
Next, I feel I must dispel another common misconception that anarchists are terrorists of some kind or are violent. To quote historian George Woodcock,
The association of anarchism with political terrorism is still well established in the popular mind, but it is not a necessary association, nor can it be historically justified except in a limited degree. Anarchists may be substantially agreed on their ultimate general aims; on the tactics needed to reach that aim they have shown singular disagreement, and this is particularly the case with regard to violence. The Tolstoyans admitted violence under no circumstances; Godwin sought to bring change through discussion and Proudhon and his followers through the peaceful proliferation of cooperative organizations; Kropotkin accepted violence, but only reluctantly and because he felt it occurred inevitably during revolutions and that revolutions were unavoidable stages in human progress; even Bakunin, though he fought on many barricades and extolled the bloodthirstiness of peasant risings, had also times of doubt, when he would remark, in tones of saddened idealism:
“Bloody revolutions are often necessary, thanks to human stupidity; yet they are always an evil, a monstrous evil and a great disaster, not only with regard to the victims, but also for the sake of purity and the perfection of the purpose in whose names they take place.”
Woodcock goes on to write,
[A]t no time was a policy of terrorism adopted by anarchists in general [and] [y]et there is no doubt that the assassinations carried out by men like Ravachol and Emile Henry and Leon Czolgosz, to name only three of the most notorious, did enormous harm to the anarchist cause by implanting in the popular mind an identification which lingers long after its justification has vanished. [7]
Individualist or Socialist?
Anarchism can be separated into two distinct groups. The socialist and the individualist. One of the most famous socialist anarchists was Michael Bakunin; one of the first persons to popularize individualist anarchist thought was Max Stirner. Socialist anarchism rejects private property and believes it to be the root of social inequalities, while individual anarchism highly values the individual, private property, ownership, and personal autonomy. I hold to the individualist branch of anarchism and I believe private property is actually one of the foundations of personal freedom. After all, how can one make use of their freedom if they have no place of their own to make use of that freedom in the first place? Yes, even without private property one can still have freedom, though by freedom I don’t just mean the ability to do what one wants so long as they do no harm to another. I also mean by freedom the ability to have a place of your own to have privacy and to have a place to store your personal belongings, and make use of those belongings without interference from others. All things that follow from Prime, which I will address in the next piece.
It’s All About the Freedom and Equality
Anarchism is ultimately about freedom and equality. The freedom to do what you want and when, so long as you do no harm to another individual or infringe upon their rights. It’s about all people treating others equally, and everyone abiding by the same rules. I will go into detail about the basis for these ideas and rights in later installments.
I think the above quotes and evidence is a good place to start in explaining why anarchists exist and what they believe and stand for, and most importantly, what I believe and stand for. While there is disagreement on the exact method of restructuring society, anarchists can all surely agree that what we have now just doesn’t work and when this takes place, when the government that the people have set up fails to do what the people set it out to do, even the founders of this country advocated the right to revolution and to reformulate the government in order to resecure our rights and freedoms. In some ways, I believe anarchists are more “patriotic” (in a certain sense) than the most diehard American because they haven’t forgotten two of the bedrock principles this country was founded upon: Revolution and Rebellion. [8]
Why Anarchism?
While I’ve discussed some of the reasons I am an anarchist above, which mirror many of the same reasons others were anarchists, I want to make clear that the reason I’m an anarchist is because of my friend and mentor Bob Clapp’s philosophy of “Scientific Individualism,” which I will explain in the next piece.
1. The Lucifer Effect, October 2008
2. Anarchism, by Daniel Guerin, Monthly Review Press, 1970; 15-16
3. Anarchists Under Surveillance
4. The Tyranny of the State, Part 4: Speed Limits
5. Lost Rights: The Destruction of American Liberty, by James Bovard, Palgrave, 1995
6. The Discovery of Freedom: Man’s Struggle Against Authority, by Rose Wilder Lane, Laissez Faire Books, Inc., 1984; 15-16
7. Anarchism, by George Woodcock, Broadview Press, 2004; 16-17
8. America: Land of the...Hypocrites?






